Twenty Years of Document Image Analysis in PAMI
|
Abstract—The contributions to document image analysis of 99 papers published in the IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (PAMI) are clustered, summarized, interpolated, interpreted, and tactfully evaluated.
[1] 38 H.K. Aghajan and T. Kailath, "SLIDE: Subspace-Based Line Detection," IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 16, no. 11, pp. 1,057-1,073, Nov. 1994.
[2] H. Al-Yousefi and S.S. Udpa, “Recognition of Arabic Characters” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 14, no. 8, pp. 853-857, Aug. 1992.
[3] H.I. Avi-Itzhak, T.A. Diep, and H. Garland, “High Accuracy Optical Character Recognition Using Neural Networks with Centroid Dithering,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 218-223, Feb. 1995.
[4] H.I. Avi-Itzhak, J.A. Van Mieghem, and L. Rub, “Multiple Subclass Pattern Recognition: A Maximin Correlation Approach,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 418-431, Apr. 1995.
[5] H.S. Baird and K. Thompson, “Reading Chess,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 552-559, June 1990.
[6] I. Bazzi, R. Schwartz, and J. Makhoul, “An Omnifont Open-Vocabulary OCR System for English and Arabic,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 495-504, June 1999.
[7] I. Bergevin and M.D. Levine, "Generic Object Recognition: Building and Matching Coarse Descriptions from Line Drawings," IEEE Trans. Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 19-36, Jan. 1993.
[8] H. Bunke, “Attributed Programmed Graph Grammars and Their Application to Schematic Diagram Interpretation,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 574-582, June 1983.
[9] D.J. Burr, “Elastic Matching of Line Drawings,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 708-712, June 1981.
[10] C.A. Cabrelli and U.M. Molter, “Automatic Representation of Binary Images,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 12, no. 12, pp. 1,190-1,195, Dec. 1990.
[11] R. Casey and E. Lecolinet, “A Survey of Methods in Strategies in Character Segmentation,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 18, pp. 690-706, 1996.
[12] F. Cesarini, M. Gori, S. Marinai, and G. Soda, “INFORMys: A Flexible Invoice-Like Form-Reader System,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 730-745, July 1998.
[13] B.B. Chaudhuri and U. Pal, “Skew Angle Detection of Digitized Script Documents” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 182-186, Feb. 1997.
[14] E. Cohen, J.J. Hull, and S.N. Srihari, “Control Structure for Interpreting Handwritten Addresses,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 1,049-1,055, Oct. 1994.
[15] S. Di Zenzo, L. Cinque, and S. Levialdi, “Run-Based Algorithms for Binary Image Analysis and Processing,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 83-88, Jan. 1996.
[16] D. Dori, Vector-Based Arc Segmentation in the Machine Drawing Understanding System Environment IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 17, no. 11, pp. 1057-1068, Nov. 1995.
[17] D. Dori and W. Liu, Sparse Pixel Vectorization: An Algorithm and Its Performance Evaluation IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 202-215, Mar. 1999.
[18] F. Esposito, D. Malerba, and G. Semeraro, “Classification in Noisy Environments Using a Distance Measure Between Structural Symbolic Descriptions,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 390-402, Mar. 1992.
[19] K. Etemad, D. Doerman, and R. Chellappa, “Multiscale Segmentation of Unstructured Document Pages Using Soft Decision Integration,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 92-96, Jan. 1997.
[20] L.A. Fletcher and R. Kasturi, “A Robust Algorithm for Text String Separation from Mixed Text/Graphics Images,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 10, pp. 910-918, Nov. 1988.
[21] M.D. Garris and D.L. Dimmick, “Form Design for High Accuracy Optical Character Recognition,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 653-656, June 1996.
[22] T. Gotoh, T. Toriu, S. Sasaki, and M. Yoshida, “A Flexible Vision-Based Algorithm for a Book Sorting System,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 393-399, Mar. 1988.
[23] Y.X. Gu, Q.R. Wang, and C.Y. Suen, “Application of a Multilayer Decision Tree in Computer Recognition of Chinese Characters,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 83-88, Jan. 1983.
[24] D.I. Havelock,“Geometric precision in noise-free digital images,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 11, no. 10,1,065-1,075, 1989.
[25] D.I. Havelock, “The Topology of Locales and Its Effect on Position Uncertainty,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 380-386, Apr. 1991.
[26] T.K. Ho, J.J. Hull, and S.N. Srihari, “Decision Combination in Multiple Classifiers Systems,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 66-75, Jan. 1994.
[27] T.K. Ho and H.S. Baird, “Large-Scale Simulation Studies in Image Pattern Recognition,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 19, no. 10, pp. 1,067-1,079, Oct. 1997.
[28] J. Hochberg, P. Kelly, T. Thomas, and L. Kerns, “Automatic Script Identification from Document Images Using Cluster-Based Templates,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 176-181, Feb. 1997.
[29] A. Hoover, G. Jean-Baptiste, X. Jiang, P.J. Flynn, H. Bunke, D. Goldgof, K. Bowyer, D. Eggert, A. Fitzgibbon, and R. Fisher, “An Experimental Comparison of Range Segmentation Algorithms,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol 18, no. 7, pp. 673-689, July 1996.
[30] X. Huang, J. Gu, and Y. Wu, “A Constrained Approach to Multifont Chinese Character Recognition,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 838-843, Aug. 1993.
[31] J.J. Hull and S.N. Srihari, “Experiments in Text Recognition with Binary n-Gram and Viterbi Algorithms,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 520-529, May 1982.
[32] J.J. Hull, S.N. Srihari, and R. Choudhari, “An Integrated Algorithm for Text Recognition: Comparison with a Cascaded Algorithm,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 384-395, Apr. 1983.
[33] J.J. Hull, “Incorporating Language Syntax in Visual Text Recognition with a Statistical Model,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 18, no. 12, pp. 1,251-1,256, Dec. 1996.
[34] A.K. Jain and B. Yu, “Document Representation and Its Application to Page Decomposition,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 294-308, Mar. 1998.
[35] S.H. Joseph and T.P. Pridmore, “Knowledge-Directed Interpretation of Mechanical Engineering Drawings,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 928-940, Sept. 1992.
[36] E. Joseph and T. Pavlidis, “Bar Code Waveform Recognition Using Peak Locations” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 630-640, June 1994.
[37] D.-M. Jung, G. Nagy, and A. Shapira, “N-tuple Features for OCR Revisited,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 18, no. 7, pp. 734-745, July 1996.
[38] S. Kahan,T. Pavlidis,, and H. S. Baird,“On the Recognition of Printed Characters of Any Font and Size,” IEEE-PAMI, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 274-288, 1987.
[39] A. Kam and G. Kopec, "Document Image Decoding by Heuristic Search," IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 18, no. 9, pp. 945-950, Sept. 1996.
[40] J. Kanai, S.V. Rice, T.A. Nartker, and G. Nagy, “Automated Evaluation of OCR Zoning” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 86-89, Jan. 1995.
[41] T. Kanungo and R.M. Haralick, “An Automatic Closed-Loop Methodology for Generating Character Groundtruth for Scanned Documents,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 179-183, Feb. 1999.
[42] R. Kasturi, S.T. Bow, W. El-Masri, J. Shah, J.R. Gattikermes, and U.B. Mokate, "A System for Interpretation of Line Drawings," IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 12, no. 10, pp. 978-992, Oct. 1990.
[43] E.T. Endo, “On a Method of Binary-Picture Representation and Its Application to Data Compression,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 27-35, Jan. 1980.
[44] A. Kontanzad and Y.H. Hong, “Invariant Image Recognition by Zernike Moments,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 489-497, May 1990.
[45] G.E. Kopec and P.A. Chou, “Document Image Decoding Using Markov Source Models,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 602-617, June 1994.
[46] G.E. Kopec and M. Lomelin, “Supervised Template Estimation for Document Image Decoding,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 19, no. 12, pp. 1,313-1,324, Dec. 1997.
[47] M. Krishnamoorthy, G. Nagy, S. Seth, and M. Viswanathan, “Syntactic Segmentation and Labeling of Digitized Pages from Technical Journals,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 737-747, July 1993.
[48] S.S. Kuo and O. Agazzi, “Keyword Spotting in Poorly Printed Documents Using Pseudo 2-D Hidden Markov Models,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 842-848, Aug. 1994.
[49] C.P. Lai and R. Kasturi, “Detection of Dimension Sets in Engineering Drawings,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 16, pp. 848-855, 1994.
[50] K.H. Lee, K.-B. Eom, and R.L. Kashyap, “Character Recognition Based on Programmed Attribute-Dependent Grammar,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 1,122-1,128, Nov. 1992.
[51] S.-W. Lee, D.-J. Lee, and H.-S. Park, “A New Methodology for Gray-Scale Character Segmentation and Recognition,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 18, no. 10, pp. 1,045-1,050, Oct. 1996.
[52] Y. Li, D. Lopresti, and A. Tomkins, “Validation of Document Defect Models,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 18, pp. 99-107, 1996.
[53] Y. Liu and S.N. Srihari, “Document Image Binarization Based on Texture Features,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 1-5, May 1997.
[54] Z. Lu, “Detection of Text Regions from Digital Engineering Drawings,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 431-439, Apr. 1998.
[55] B.T. Messmer and H. Bunke, “A New Algorithm for Error-Tolerant Subgraph Isomorphism Detection,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 493-504, May 1998.
[56] I. Mulder, A. Mackworth, and W. Havens, "Knowledge Structuring and Constraint Satisfaction: The Mapsee Approach," IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 866-979, Nov. 1988.
[57] J.K. Mullin, “Reliable Indexing Using Unreliable Recognition Devices,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 347-350, Mar. 1981.
[58] H. Nagahashi and M. Nakatsuyama, “A Pattern Description and Generation Method of Structural Characters,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 112-117, Jan. 1986.
[59] G. Nagy, S. Seth, and K. Einspahr, “Decoding Substitution Ciphers by Means of Word Matching with Application to OCR,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 710-715, May 1987.
[60] V.S. Nalwa, “Line-Drawing Interpretation: Straight Lines and Conic Sections,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 514-529, Apr. 1988.
[61] V.S. Nalwa, “Line-Drawing Interpretation: Bilateral Symmetry,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 11, no. 10, pp. 1117-1120, Oct. 1989.
[62] A. Namane and M.A. Sid-Ahmed, “Character Scaling by Contour Method,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 600-606, June 1990.
[63] L. O'Gorman, “The Document Spectrum for Page Layout Analysis,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 15, no. 11, pp. 1,162-1,173, Nov. 1993.
[64] L. O'Gorman and I. Rabinovich, “Secure Identification Documents via Pattern Recognition and Public-Key Cryptography,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 1,097-1,102, Oct. 1998.
[65] B.J. Oommen, “Recognition of Noisy Subsequences Using Constrained Edit Distances,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 676-685, May 1987.
[66] A. Okazaki, T. Knodo, K. Mori, S. Tsunekawa, and E. Kawamoto, "An Automatic Circuit Diagram Reader with Loop-Structure-Based Symbol Recognition," IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 331-341, May 1988.
[67] J. Rocha and T. Pavlidis, "A Shape Analysis Model With Applications to a Character Recognition System," IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 16, pp. 393-404, 1994.
[68] J. Rocha and T. Pavlidis, "Character Recognition Without Segmentation" IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 17, pp. 903-909, 1995.
[69] H. Samet and A. Soffer, “MARCO: MAp Retrieval by Content,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 783-798, Aug. 1996.
[70] P. Sarkar, G. Nagy, J. Zhou, and D. Lopresti, “Spatial Sampling of Printed Patterns,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 344-350, Mar. 1998.
[71] M. Sawaki and N. Hagita, “Text-Line Extraction and Character Recognition of Document Headlines with Graphical Designs Using Complementary Similarity Measures,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 1,103-1,108, Oct. 1998.
[72] R. Shinghal and G.T. Toussaint, “Experiments in Text Recognition with the Modified Viterbi Algorithm,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 184-192, Feb. 1979.
[73] R. Shinghal and G.T. Toussaint, “The Sensitivity of the Modified Viterbi Algorithm to the Source Statistics,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 1,181-1,184, Feb. 1980.
[74] A. Simon, J.-C. Pret, and A.P. Johnson, “A Fast Algorithm for Bottom-Up Layout Analysis,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 273-277, Mar. 1997.
[75] R.M.K. Sinha, B. Prasada, G.H. Houle, and M. Sabourin, “Hybrid Contextual Text Recognition with String Matching,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 15, no. 9, pp. 915-923, Sept. 1993.
[76] A.L. Spitz, “Determination of the Script and Language Content of Document Images,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 235-245, Mar. 1997.
[77] F.W.M. Stentiford, “Automatic Feature Design for Optical Character Recognition Using an Evolutionary Search Procedure,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 349-354, Mar. 1985.
[78] L. Stringa, "A New Set of Constraint-Free Character Recognition Grammars," IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 12, pp. 1210-1217, Dec. 1990.
[79] C.Y. Suen, “N-Gram Statistics for Natural Language UnderStanding and Text Processing,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 164-172, Feb. 1979.
[80] T. Tan, “Rotation Invariant Texture Features and Their Use in Automatic Script Identification,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 751-756, July 1998.
[81] E. Tanaka and Y. Kojima, “A High Speed String Correction Method Using a Hierarchical File,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 806-815, June 1987.
[82] Y.T Tang, H. Ma, Y. Liu, B.F. Li, and D. Xi, “Multiresolution Analysis in Extraction of Reference Lines from Documents with Gray Level Background,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 921-925, Aug. 1997.
[83] T. Taxt,P.J. Flynn,, and A. K. Jain,“Segmentation of document images,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 11, no. 12, pp. 1322-1329, 1989.
[84] O.D. Trier and T. Taxt, “Evaluation of Binarization Methods for Document Images,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 312-314, Mar. 1995.
[85] O.D. Trier and A.K. Jain, "Goal-Directed Evaluation of Binarization Methods," IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 17, pp. 1,191-1,201, 1995.
[86] O. Trier, T. Taxt, and A. Jain, “Recognition of Digits in Hydrographic Maps: Binary versus Topographic Analysis,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 399-404, Apr. 1997.
[87] R.J. Ulichney and D.T. Troxel, “Scaling Binary Images with a Telescoping Template” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 331-335, Mar. 1982.
[88] Q.R. Wang and C.Y. Suen, “Analysis and Design of a Decision Tree Based on Entropy Reduction and Its Application to Large Character set Recognition,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 406-417, Apr. 1986.
[89] Q.R. Wang and C.Y. Suen, “Large Tree Classifier with Heuristic Search and Global Training,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 91-102, Jan. 1987.
[90] Y. Wang and T. Pavlidis, “Optimal Correspondence of String Subsequences,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 12, pp. 1,080-1,086, 1990.
[91] T. Pavlidis and L. Wang, “Direct Gray-Scale Extraction of Features for Character Recognition,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 15, no. 10, pp. 1,053-1,067, Oct. 1993.
[92] T. Watanabe, Q. Luo, and N. Sugie, “Layout Recognition of Multi-Kinds of Table-Form Documents,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 432-445, Apr. 1995.
[93] W. Liu and D. Dori, Incremental Arc Segmentation Algorithm and Its Evaluation IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 424-431, Apr. 1998.
[94] S. Yajima, J.L. Goodsell, T. Ichida, and H. Hirasishi, “Data Compression of Kanji Character Patterns Digitized on a Hexagonal Mesh,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 121-229, Feb. 1981.
[95] H. Yamada, K. Yamamoto, and K. Hosokawa, “Directional Mathematical Morphology and Reformalized Hough Transformation for the Analysis of Topographic Maps,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 380-387, Apr. 1993.
[96] E.J. Yannakoudakis and G. Angelidakis, “An Insight Into the Entropy and Redundancy of the English Dictionary,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 960-969, June 1988.
[97] B. Yu and A.K. Jain, “A Generic System for Form Dropout,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 18, no. 11, pp. 1,127-1,134, Nov. 1996.
[98] Y. Yu, A. Samal, and S.C. Seth, “A System for Recognizing a Large Class of Engineering Drawings,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 868-890, Aug. 1997.
[99] A. Zramdini and R. Ingold, “Optical Font Identification Using Typographic Features,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 20, no. 8, pp. 877-882, Aug. 1998.
Index Terms:
Document image analysis, image processing, OCR, character recognition, forms processing, graphics recognition.
Citation:
George Nagy, "Twenty Years of Document Image Analysis in PAMI," IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 38-62, Jan. 2000, doi:10.1109/34.824820
PURCHASE ARTICLE: $19
IEEE Xplore Subscribers
Digg
Furl
Spurl
Blink
Simpy
Google
Del.icio.us
Y!MyWeb