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Real-Time Detection of Nodding and Head-Shaking by Directly Detecting and Tracking the "Between-Eyes"
Grenoble, France9 March 26-March 30
DOI Bookmark: http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/AFGR.2000.840610Fourth IEEE International Conference ...
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Shinjiro Kawato, ATR Media Integration and Communications Research Laboratories
Jun Ohya, ATR Media Integration and Communications Research Laboratories
Among head gestures, nodding and head-shaking are very common and used often. Thus the detection of such gestures is basic to a visual understanding of human responses. However it is difficult to detect them in real-time, because nodding and head-shaking are fairly small and fast head movements.In this paper, we propose an approach for detecting nodding and head-shaking in real time from a single color video stream by directly detecting and tracking a point between the eyes, or what we call the "between-eyes". Along a circle of a certain radius centered at the "between-eyes", the pixel value has two cycles of bright parts (forehead and nose bridge) and dark parts (eyes and brows). The output of the proposed circle-frequency filter has a local maximum at these characteristic points. To distinguish the true "between-eyes" from similar characteristic points in other face parts, we do a confirmation with eye detection.Once the "between-eyes" is detected, a small area around it is copied as a template and the system enters the tracking mode. Combining with the circle-frequency filtering and the template, the tracking is done not by searching around but by selecting candidates using the template; the template is then updated. Due to this special tracking algorithm, the system can track the "between-eyes" stably and accurately. It runs at 13 frames/sec rate without special hardware. By analyzing the movement of the point, we can detect nodding and head-shaking. Some experimental results are shown.
Index Terms:
Face, Gesture, Filtering, Nodding, Head-shaking, Skin-color
Citation:
Shinjiro Kawato, Jun Ohya, "Real-Time Detection of Nodding and Head-Shaking by Directly Detecting and Tracking the "Between-Eyes"," fg, pp.40, Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG'00), 2000
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