Summary form only given. Moore's law continues to thrive, - one billion transistors on each silicon die with a 10 GHz clock is close at hand. But Pentium 4 follow-ons, we are told, have been canceled. Another important chip manufacturer has canceled its top of the line processor. On the other hand, Intel has made some provocative statements with Pentium M. IBM has done likewise with Power 5. Can we continue to harness the raw technology available on the chip? If so, where are we going to look for solutions, and what does this mean for the microprocessor for high performance implementations ten years from now?.