A nondestructive detection system based on X-ray for grocery check, thickness measure, wire ropes conveyer belt, the measure of the density of bone, and customs inspection, is designed by using X-ray detection technology. In this paper X-ray detection principle is analyzed, a design scheme of the system is consisted of detector, X-ray source, photovoltaic transformation board,image processing software and X-ray acquisition receiving board which is designed with the use of FPGA and DSP; image processing of the systems is researched and image processing algorithms are given; the software of the system is programmed by C#.NET on WIN XP platform. The experiment indicates the system can implement remote real-time detection of the systems images. The system is directly perceived, strongly real-time and highly accurate.