Increasing performance, while at the same time reducing power consumption, is a major design tradeoff in current microprocessors. In this paper, we investigate the potential of using a heterogeneous clustered VLIW microarchitecture. In the proposed microarchitecture, each cluster, the interconnection network and the supporting memory hierarchy can run at different frequencies and voltages. Some of the clusters can then be configured to be performanceoriented and run at high frequency, while the other clusters can be configured to be low-power-oriented and run at lower frequencies, thus reducing overall consumption.

For this heterogeneous design to be effective, we need to select the most suitable frequencies and voltages for each component. We propose a scheme to choose these parameters based on a model that estimates the energy consumption and the execution time of floating-point codes at compile time.

Finally, we present a modulo scheduling technique based on graph partitioning that exploits the opportunities presented on heterogeneous clustered microarchitectures. Results show that the Energy-Delay2 product (ED2) can be significantly reduced by 15% on average for a microarchitecture with 4-clusters and by as much as 35% for selected programs.