The continuous advances and progress made in hardware technology makes it possible to foresee a realm of unprecedented performance levels and new application-driven architectural designs, as evidenced by the recent announcement of a 80-core chip [1]. Nevertheless, the evolution of nanotechnologies raises serious challenges with respect to both dependability and security viewpoints. Issues at stake go far beyond developing protections with respect to accidental disturbances in operation, they also relate to the unreliability and variability that will characterize emerging nanoscale devices. Accounting for malicious threats targeting hardware circuits will constitute another increasing concern.