Nowak's model of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been extensively and successfully used to simulate the interaction between HIV and cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated immune response. However, such model is not available for hepatitis B virus (HBV). As the enhanced recruitment of virus-specific CTLs into the liver has been an important novel concept in the pathogenesis of hepatitis B, we developed a specific mathematical model analyzing the relationship between HBV and the CTL-mediated immune response, and the indicator of the liver cell damage-alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The stability condition of the complete recovery equilibrium point at which HBV will be eliminated from the body entirely is discussed. Different set of parameters is used in the simulation and the results show that the model can interpret the wide variety of clinical manifestations of HBV infection. The model suggests that a rapid and vigorous CTL response is required for resolution of HBV infection.