In the roll grinding process, it is difficult to attain a high rolling shapes and surface quantities because of several factors such as the emery wheel abrasion. Based on the analysis of the causation of rolling shape, this paper puts forward a new Neural Network intelligent error compensation algorithm according to the round error and its experiment result. We can see that the higher request has been demanded to the numerical control roll grinder to meet the requirement of high-quality roll grinding. To make the roll grinding to be more accurate, more efficient, more automatic and more intelligent and to meet the requirements of the society and customers, we had developed a numerical control system of the roll grinder to accomplish the intelligent compensate control based on neural networks(NNs). The approaches of intelligent roundness error compensation of grinding roll realized as follow.