This paper presents a vision-based video see-through augmented reality (AR) system for 3D interaction with volumetric data. Traditional desktop system and fish-tank virtual reality system are basic choices for volume visualization application which give the user limited interaction capabilities. AR provides a new scheme of 3D interaction between human and computer. We have integrated optical tracking and hardware accelerated volume rendering components into a video see-through AR system framework. It presents the user with a more natural environment for interactive visualization task, which is different from the traditional visualization system. Rich 3D experiences and efficient interaction with scientific data have been achieved by the user through this system. This prototype is an appropriate platform to investigate issues of 3D interaction with volumetric data and to build further complex interactive application.