Enhancing Depth Perception in Translucent Volumes
|
We present empirical studies that consider the effects of stereopsis and simulated aerial perspective on depth perception in translucent volumes. We consider a purely absorptive lighting model, in which light is not scattered or reflected, but is simply absorbed as it passes through the volume. A purely absorptive lighting model is used, for example, when rendering digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs), which are synthetic X--ray images reconstructed from CT volumes. Surgeons make use of DRRs in planning and performing operations, so an improvement of depth perception in DRRs may help diagnosis and surgical planning.
[1] 1117 Stephen J. Adelson and Charles D. Hansen, Fast stereoscopic images with ray-traced volume rendering. In Proceedings of the 1994 symposium on Volume visualization, pages 3–9. ACM Press, 1994.
[2] B. L. Anderson, A theory of illusory lightness and transparency in monocular and binocular images: the role of contour junctions. Perception, 26: 419–453, 1997.
[3] G.F. Buess, P. van Bergen, W. Kunert, and M.O. Schurr, Comparative study of various 2-D and 3-D vision systems in minimally invasive surgery. Chirurg, 67 (10): 1041–6, Oct 1996.
[4] P. Calhoun, B. Kuszyk, D. Heath, J. Calrey, and E. Fishman, Three-dimensional volume rendering of spiral ct data: Theory and method. RadioGraphics, 19 (3): 745–764, 1999.
[5] L. Way, F. Tendick, S. Bhoyrul, Comarison of laparscopic imagin systems and conditions using a knot-tying task. Computer Aided Surgery, 2: 24–33, 1997.
[6] James J. Gibson, The Perception of the Visual World. The Riverside Press, 1950.
[7] G. B. Hanna, S. M. Shimi, and A. Cuschieri, Randomized study of influence of two-dimensional versus three-dimensional imaging on performance of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Lancet, 351: 248–251, 1998.
[8] J Hsu, C. F. Babbs, D. M. Chelberg, Z. Pizlo, and E. J. Delp, Preclinical roc studies of digital stereomammography. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, 14 (2): 318–327, 1995.
[9] G. Hubona, P. Wheeler, G. Shirah, and M. Brandt, The relative contributions of stereo, lightin and background scenes in promoting 3d depth visualization. ACM Transaction on Computer-Human Interaction, 6 (3): 214–242, 1999.
[10] J. Inoue, M. Kersten, B. Ma, J. Stewart, J. Rudan, and R. Ellis, Fast assessment of acetabular coverage using stereoscopic drrs. Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 14: Accelerating Change in Healthcare: Next Medical Toolkit, 219: 225–227, 2006.
[11] V. Interrante, H. Fuchs, and S. M. Pizer, Conveying the 3d shape of smoothly curving transparent surfaces via texture. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 3 (2), 1997.
[12] S. P. Johnson and R. N. Aslin, Infants' perception of transparency. Developmental Psychology, 36 (6): 808–816, 2000.
[13] I. C. Jourdan, E. Dutson, A. Garcia, T. Vleugels, J. Leroy, D. Mutter, and J. Marescaux, Stereoscopic vision provides a significant advantage for precision robotic laparoscopy. British Journal of Surgery, 91: 879–885, 2004.
[14] R. Kasrai, F. A. A. Kingdom, and T. Peters, The psychophysics of transparency in medical images. In Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention — MICCAI'99, Second International Conference, Cambridge, UK Proceedings, volume 1679, pages 726–733. Springer, 1999.
[15] David LaRose, Iterative X-ray/CT Registration Using Accelerated Volume Rendering. PhD thesis, Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, May 2001.
[16] P. Messmer, G. Long, N. Suhm, M. Hehli, J. Wirth, P. Pregazzoni, and A. L. Jacob, Three-dimensional fracture simulation for preoperative planning and education. European Journal of Trauma, 27 (4): 171–177, August 2001.
[17] F. Metelli, The perception of transparency. Scientific American, 230: 90–98, 1974.
[18] B. Mora and D. S. Evert, Instant volumetric understanding with orderindependent volume rendering. Computer Graphics Forum, 23 (3), 2004.
[19] K. Perlin, An image sythesizer. Computer Graphics (SIGRAPH Proceedings ), 19 (3): 287–296, July 1995.
[20] C. Robertson, R. E. Ellis, T. Goetz, W. Gofton, P. V. Fenton, C. F. Small, and D. R. Pichora, The sensitivity of carpal bone indices to rotational malpositioning. J Hand Surg, 27A (3): 435–442, 2002.
[21] Leonard C. Wanger, James A. Ferwerda, and Donald P. Greenberg, Perceiving spatial relationships in computer-generated images. IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl., 12 (3): 44–51,54–58, 1992.
[22] C. Wickens and Y. Liu, Use of computer graphics and cluster analysis in aiding relational judgement. Human Factors, 34 (2): 165–178, 1992.
[23] C. Wickens and L. Thomas, Effects of CDTI display dimensionality and conflict geometry on conflict resolution performance. In Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 2005.
[24] C. Yang, M. Guiney, P. Hughes, S. Leung, K.H. Liew, J. Matar, and G. Quong, Use of digitally reconstructed radiographs in radiotherapy treatment and verification. Australasian Radiology, 44 (4): 439–443, November 2000.
[25] Shumin Zhai, William Buxton, and Paul Milgram, The "silk cursor": Investigating transparency for 3D target acquisition. In Proceedings of ACM CHI'94 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, volume 1, pages 459–464, 1994.
Index Terms:
Stereo, Stereopsis, X--ray, Radiograph, Volume Rendering
Citation:
Marta Kersten, James Stewart, Niko Troje, Randy Ellis, "Enhancing Depth Perception in Translucent Volumes," IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 1117-1124, Sept. 2006, doi:10.1109/TVCG.2006.139
PURCHASE ARTICLE: $19
IEEE Xplore Subscribers
Digg
Furl
Spurl
Blink
Simpy
Google
Del.icio.us
Y!MyWeb